Pharaoh Ant (Monomorium pharaonis)

Identification
- Is frequently found in large apartment complexes, food manufacturing facilities, grocery stores, and hospitals
- Queens are approximately 4 mm in length; the other members range between 1.5 and 2 mm
- Workers are pale yellowish in colour with a darker abdomen
- Has 12-segmented antennae, with 3-segmented clubs
- Thorax is evenly rounded
- Is two-noded (i.e. 2 segments attach the abdomen to the thorax)
- Has a stinger
Habitat and Behaviour
- Can go undetected for long periods of time due to its minute size and cryptic behaviour
- Is of particular importance in hospital settings where it can enter IV bottles and even the wounds of patients as it seeks moisture
- Can be associated with disease transmission in hospital setting
- Is always on the move, making treatment a challenge
- Prefers nesting indoors in the Canadian climate
- Will forage for food both day and night
- Is omnivorous—will feed on protein, fat, or carbohydrates
Lifecycle
- Exhibits complete metamorphosis (egg, larva, pupa, adult)
- Colonies can rapidly expand by ”budding” and mating within the nest
- Colonies can contain multiple queens and several thousand workers
- Development time, from egg to adult, is approximately 38 days
