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REGIONAL PEST REPORT

Winter season

Pest threat

Pharaoh Ant (Monomorium pharaonis)

Pharaoh Ant

Identification

  • Is frequently found in large apartment complexes, food manufacturing facilities, grocery stores, and hospitals
  • Queens are approximately 4 mm in length; the other members range between 1.5 and 2 mm
  • Workers are pale yellowish in colour with a darker abdomen
  • Has 12-segmented antennae, with 3-segmented clubs
  • Thorax is evenly rounded
  • Is two-noded (i.e. 2 segments attach the abdomen to the thorax)
  • Has a stinger

Habitat and Behaviour

  • Can go undetected for long periods of time due to its minute size and cryptic behaviour
  • Is of particular importance in hospital settings where it can enter IV bottles and even the wounds of patients as it seeks moisture
  • Can be associated with disease transmission in hospital setting
  • Is always on the move, making treatment a challenge
  • Prefers nesting indoors in the Canadian climate
  • Will forage for food both day and night
  • Is omnivorous—will feed on protein, fat, or carbohydrates

Lifecycle

  • Exhibits complete metamorphosis (egg, larva, pupa, adult)
  • Colonies can rapidly expand by ”budding” and mating within the nest
  • Colonies can contain multiple queens and several thousand workers
  • Development time, from egg to adult, is approximately 38 days